A ABSCESS - a local infection. A Severe decay, periodontal disease,
or traumas are causative factors. It is characterized by swelling
and pain. If an abscess ruptures, it will be accompanied by sudden
relief from pain due to a reduction in pressure. A foul taste may
also be noticed.
ABUTMENT - a term used to denote the teeth on either side of a
missing tooth.
ACRYLIC RESIN - the plastic widely used in dentistry to make
dentures.
ACTIVE ERUPTION - the emergence of the tooth from its position
in the jaw.
ADHESION - the sticking together of unlike substances
ADJUSTMENT - a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after
it has been completed and inserted into the mouth.
AEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria, which grow in oxygen rich environments;
in the oral cavity, the bacteria are found outside the sulcus.
AFFERENT – the nerves that carry sensory messages toward
the brain.
AGAR - a gelatin like substance obtained from seaweed; used
in impression materials.
ALGINATE - an impression material used by dentists for making
stone models.
ALVEOLECTOMY - an operation where portions of the alveolar bone
are removed.
ALVEOLAR BONE - the bone surrounding the root of the tooth;
loss of this bone is typically associated with severe periodontal
disease.
ALVEOLAR CREST - the highest portion of alveolar bone.
ALVEOLAR EMINENCE - outline of the root on the facet portion of
the bone.
ALVEOLAR PROCESS - the portion of the mandible or maxilla that
surrounds the root of a tooth.
ALVEOLUS - the bony socket in which the root of the tooth sits.
AMALGAM – more popularly silver filling; an alloy in
which one of the metals is mercury. Below are the approximate percentages
of the component elements:
Mercury Hg 50%
Silver Ag 35%
Tin Sn 13%
Copper Cu 0-3%
Zinc Zn 0-1%
ANAEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow;
they are generally associated with periodontal disease.
ANODONTIA - the developmental absence of teeth.
ANTIBIOTIC - substance produced by or derived from bacteria
which is able to inhibit or kill other bacteria.
ANTIMICROBIAL - destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
ANATOMICAL CROWN - the portion of the tooth that is covered
with enamel.
ANTISCEPTIC - A chemical agent which can be applied to living
tissues to destroy germs.
ANESTHESIA - medication that relieves the sensation of pain.
ANNIVERSARY YEAR - begins on the day of the month that the
patients' insurance became effective.
ANOMALY - a deviation from the normal or expected outcome.
ANTAGONIST - a structure that opposes or counteracts another
structure.
ANTERIOR - situated in front of.
ANTERIOR TEETH - the front teeth (incisors and cupids).
ANUG - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. An acute, painful
condition characterized by severe gingival redness, spontaneous bleeding,
foul breath and pain.
APEX - the pointed extremity of a structure.
APICAL FORAMEN - the opening at the end of the root of a tooth
through which the tooth receives its nerve and blood supply.
APPOSITION - the laying down of, or addition of.
ARCH - a curvature; both the maxillary and Mandibular ridge
form a horseshoe shaped arch.
ARTICULATING PAPER - carbon paper; placed between the upper and
lower teeth to mark contact.
ARTICULATOR - a mechanical device used to replicate functional
movements of the jaw to casts.
ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS - a clause in an insurance policy that
allows the insured person to direct the carrier's payment to the dentist.
ASPIRATOR - The tube-like straw that the dentist place in your
mouth for suction.
ASYMMETRY/ SYMMETRY - To be esthetic, tooth Size, shape and
gum contour should be as close to identical from one side of the mouth
to the other. Ideally, the incisal edges of your teeth should follow
the contour of the upper lip.
ATTACHMENT LEVEL - a numerical measure of the amount of attachment
of the periodontal ligament to a tooth; the number is generally determined
by combining a pocket depth measurement with a measurement of gingival
recession. Attachment level is considered one of the most important
measures of periodontal disease progress or treatment success
ATTRITION - the wearing away of tooth structure through normal
use (ie. chewing, biting, etc.).
AXON - the process that carries impulses away from the cell
body of a nerve.
B
BACK TEETH - see Posterior Teeth.
BENEFIT YEAR - generally begins on the month of the year that
the employer purchased the plan.
BICUSPIDS - having two cusps. The first and second bicuspids;
they are the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth,
respectively. These are the back teeth that are used for chewing.
BIFURCATION - having two branches, or dividing into two parts.
BILATERAL - both sides.
BIRTHDAY RULE - applies when a child is covered under both
parent's plans; the plan of the parent who's birthday(month and day,
not year) falls earlier in the calendar year is billed first (in cases
of divorce or separation, other factors pertain).
BITEWING - a single X-ray that shows the upper and lower teeth's
biting surfaces on the same film.
BLEACHING - cosmetic whitening of teeth using peroxide.
BOLUS - chewed up mass of food and saliva.
BONDING - the covering of a tooth surface to correct stained
or damaged teeth.
BRIDGE - a fixed appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing
teeth. A bridge is a series of attached crowns (abutments and pontic).
BRUXISM - the grinding of teeth, usually occurs during sleep.
BUCCAL - pertaining to the cheek.
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE - the cheek muscle.
C
CALCIFICATION - the process of hardening
through the deposition of lime salts.
CALCULUS - hard calcium like deposits that form on teeth and
dentures.
CANAL - the narrow chamber inside the root of a tooth that
contains nerve tissue and blood vessels.
CANINES - See CUSPIDS; so named because they correspond to
the long teeth of a dog.
CAPITATION PLAN - a plan whereby the dentist is contracted
with the administrator to provide dental services to persons covered
under the program in return for payment on a per-capita basis.
CARIOGENIC - or cancer-causing
CARIES - medical term for decay; caused by decalcification
of the enamel and disintegration of the dentin by acid producing bacteria.
CARIOGENIC - decay-causing
CARRIER - the party (usually an insurance company) that pays
claims and collects premiums.
CARRYOVER - If the deductible was paid last year, the next
year (or quarter, Jan., Feb. and March) they do not have to pay the
deductible again.
CAST - reproduction of the mouth in stone or plaster.
CAVITY - see CARIES.
CEMENT - a dental material used to seal inlays, onlays, and
crowns; also used for pulpal protection.
CEMENTUM - makes up the dull yellow outer surface of the roots.
CENTRIC OCCLUSION - the relationship of the occlusal surfaces
of one arch to those in the opposing arch at physical rest position.
CENTRIC RELATION - the relationship of the maxillary arch to
the mandibular arch when the condyle is in its most retracted position.
CERVICAL - pertaining to the neck of a tooth.
CERVIX - the neck of the tooth; the area where the crown joins
the root or the enamel joins the cementum.
CHEEK POUCH - the area of the mouth inside the cheek.
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC - an agent of a chemical nature which exerts
an antimicrobial effect.
CINGULUM - a raised area on the lingual surface of anterior
teeth .
CLASP - the metal part of a partial denture and which helps
to retain, support, and stabilize the appliance.
CLEANING - See PROPHYLAXIS.
CLEFT PALATE - an opening in the palate.
CLINICAL CROWN - that portion of the tooth visible in the mouth,
extending from the occlusal or incisal edge to the crest of the free
gingiva.
CLOSED PANEL - a plan where the covered patient only receives
benefits if a dentist contracted with the plan’s administrator
provides the services.
COL - a "V-shaped depression in the facial-lingual interdental
papilla located cervically to the contact area of the tooth.
COMMUNITION - crushing or grinding to a powder.
COMPLETE SERIES - See FULL-MOUTH X-RAYS.
COMPOSITE FILLING - tooth-colored restorative material. The
word "composite" refers to the mixture of filler particles
in a liquid resin. Commonly, the resin used is BIS-GMA (bis-gammamethylmetacrylate).
Filler particles are added to alter the color and wear characteristics.
Common filler particles are silica, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and
iron.
CONCAVE - curving inward away from the viewer.
CONTACT AREA - that portion of the proximal surface of a tooth
that touches the adjacent tooth. CONVEX - curving outward toward
the viewer.
COSMETIC DENTISTRY - aesthetic improvement of the color and
shape of teeth performed by a general dentist.
CREST - a prominence or ridge.
CROSS CONTAMINATION - Passing disease indirectly from one patient
to another through the use of improper sterilization procedures.
CROWN - full coverage for a tooth (used when the tooth cannot
be restored by a filling).
CURETTAGE - the surgical scraping of bacteria from soft tissue.
This is a periodontal procedure and is usually performed one quadrant
at a time.
CUSPID - the third tooth from the center of the mouth towards
the back, also known as canines.
CUSPS - elevated points on the chewing surfaces of back teeth
(posterior teeth).
CUSTOM TRAY - an individual tray; custom made to fit a patient's
mouth.
D
DEBRIDEMENT - treatment of a bacterial infection by removing irritants
(bacteria, calculus) from the periodontal pocket so as to allow healing
of adjacent tissues.
DECALCIFICATION - The loss of calcium from your teeth, weakening
the teeth and making them more susceptible to decay
DECIDUOUS TEETH - baby teeth; teeth that exfoliate or shed.
See PRIMARY TEETH.
DEDUCTIBLE - the amount paid by the patient before the carrier
begins benefit payments.
DEGLUTITION - swallowing.
DEMINERALIZATION - loss of mineral from tooth enamel just below
the surface in a carious lesion; usually appearing as a white area
on the tooth surface.
DENDRITE - the process that conducts impulses toward the cell
body of a nerve.
DENTAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (D.M.O.) - a legal entity that
accepts the responsibility of providing services at a fixed price.
DENTAL RESIN - a dental material applied to the tooth, which
is used in cases of severe dentinal hypersensitivity; usually not
used unless all other treatment attempts have failed.
DENTAL VARNISH - a hypersensitivity treatment which sometimes
contains sodium fluoride; applied to the tooth surface, covering the
outer surface of dentin and thus blocking transmission of stimuli
to the pulp.
DENTIN - the hard, yellowish tissue underlying the enamel and
cementum; it makes up the major bulk of the tooth.
DENTINAL TUBULES - microscopic canals that run from the outside
of the dentin to the nerve inside the tooth.
DENTITION - the natural teeth as a unit.
DENTURE - a removable appliance (prosthesis) that replaces
missing teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.
DESENSITIZATION - the blocking of painful stimuli, which cause
dentinal hypersensitivity.
DESICCATE - to make dry; to remove all moisture.
DESQUAMATION - a peeling of gingival tissue; in cases of desquamative
gingivitis, the tissues may appear smooth and shiny, with patches
of bright red and gray. Surface tissue may peel away, exposing a raw,
bleeding, painful surface.
DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSION - a concavity in a surface that formed
while the tooth was developing.
DIAGNOSIS - the process of identifying the nature of a disorder.
DIAGNOSTIC - procedures performed by the dentist to identify
what's going on in the mouth.
DIASTEMA - a space between the teeth.
DILACERATION - an abnormal tooth that where both the crown
and the root are twisted.
DIPHYODONT - having two successive sets of teeth.
DIRECT CONTAMINATION - Direct contact with impurities or germs.
DISINFECTION - A cleaning process that destroys the majority
of microorganism, but not highly resistant forms such as bacterial
and mycotic spores.
DISINFECTANT - A chemical agent that is applied onto inanimate
surfaces to destroy germs.
DISPOSABLE MATERIALS - materials intended for one-use and discarded.
(e.g.: Gloves, paper gowns, cotton rolls, etc.)
DISTAL - Surface of the tooth farthest from the midline of
the dental arch. DIVERGENT - spread.
E
EDEMA - swelling resulting from fluid accumulation in gingival
tissues.
EDENTULOUS - having no teeth.
EFFERENT - the nerves that carry motor messages away from the
brain.
EMBRASURE - the space between two teeth created by the sloping
away of the mesial and distal surfaces.
EMINENCE - a prominence.
EMPRESS - Type of porcelain crown and porcelain veneer/laminate.
The advantage Empress is that it blends very nicely with the surrounding
teeth; it is very esthetic.
ENAMEL - the hard, white shiny surface of the crown; composed
of 95% calcium hydroxyapatite.
ENDODONTICS (ENDO) - the treatment of diseases or injuries
that affect the root tip or nerve of the tooth.
EROSION - The dissolution of tooth structure due to the presence
of gastric juices or citrus. Erosion seldom occurs alone; it is often
accompanied by attrition or abrasion (or both) to varying degrees.
Acidic foods, such as citrus fruits and juices should be avoid in
patients with signs of erosion.
ERUPTION - the moving of the tooth occlusally.
EXCLUSION - services not covered by a dental plan.
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Statutory Warning: The information is intended
to help you better understand dental conditions and procedures and should
not be construed as specific medical advice or recommendation. The general
information provided here is not a substitute for a consultation with the
dentists. Only personal discussion of your individual needs with a professionally
qualified doctor / dentist will determine the best method of treatment suitable
for you.
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