( Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
In traditional dentistry, we all are aware, requires the use of a
rotary tool that has many useful attachments. Among these are
cleaning brushes, drills, and sanding heads. All of them require
rough physical contact that can leave you nauseous and stressed out.
Most of them also require water and suction to help clear out the
byproducts associated with each head. If the thought of that drill
operating anywhere in your mouth gives you the chills or cold sweats,
particularly the wailing children, then maybe it's time to investigate
laser dentistry. Laser dentistry eliminates many of the common complaints
of traditional dentistry. A laser device replaces the rotary
tool and can be used for everything from surgery to tooth bleaching.
LASERShave multiple applications in a variety of fields including
medical and have evolved to a role in dentistry too. In 1987 FDA (Food
And Drug Administration; see the approved list below) of USA approved
a prototype of Laser to study on dental patients. Most lasers, including
those used in dentistry, are engineered and designed to perform special
functions without changing or damaging the surrounding tissues or
materials.
The time span of a laser treatment can vary depending on the usage.
Some treatments with the laser may only last a few moments, while
others could last minutes. When it comes to surgery, laser dentistry
offers several significant improvements. Lasers are focused
beams of light energy, and they have the ability to make swift, efficient
changes to teeth and gums, with little or no post-operative pain or
swelling. Not surprisingly, laser treatment is rapidly replacing more
traditional methods in the dental office, including the scalpel, the
needle and the dental drill. There's not a big need for anesthesia,
bleeding and swelling are reduced, and there's not much discomfort
afterwards.
For
tooth bleaching, a laser can speed up and enhance the action of the
bleaching agents. Natural-looking fillings for cavities can
be cured in minutes and patients can eat immediately afterwards.
The benefits of laser dentistry are numerous and exciting! Most dentists
find it is an affordable alternative for people who are afraid of
drills. Though the cost of the equipment and training must eventually
be passed on to the patient, people who want laser dentistry seldom
mind.
There are currently four areas of dental care that are enjoying the
benefits of laser technology
Cavity removal can be accomplished with two currently available
(and FDA approved) laser machines. Both have the ability to
remove decay within a tooth, and prepare the surrounding enamel for
bonded fillings. The need for anesthesia is greatly reduced
or eliminated over the traditional methods. Laser energy dramatically
reduces the bacteria found in dental decay, and has been demonstrated
to enhance the tooth's ability to "heal" in situations where
"deep cavities" had existed. There are, however, several
limitations to laser decay removal including the inability to adequately
remove silver fillings, onlays, and crowns.
Curing
, or hardening bonding materials is another area where lasers
have become important. These lasers drastically reduce the time
it takes to finish a filling, and create what some researchers have
shown to be a stronger restoration.
Whitening
teeth can be accomplished with special solutions that are applied
to the tooth surface in the dental office and activated by laser energy.
Color changes of several shades are possible in a very short time.
When combined with at-home tray based whitening systems, dramatic
changes can be seen in even the most difficult cases. The main comparison
between laser whitening and tray systems does not seem to be major
side effects, but rather time versus cost. Laser whitening is a much
faster process, however, it is generally more expensive.
Periodontal , or gum related care is the fourth area
benefiting from laser technology. Lasers are currently used
for recontouring or reshaping gums (often described as "plastic
surgery for the smile"), removing extra or diseased gum tissue
associated with the use of certain medications or periodontal disease,
and removing the bacteria in periodontal pockets to promote healing.
Healing time and post-operative discomfort can be significantly
reduced over the traditional surgical methods.
Laser
types and usage: The CO2 laser can be used to perform surgical procedures
within the oral cavity such as frenulectomy, gingivectomy, and removal
of small tumors of the mucosa and of other lesions, for example, leukoplakias,
and for modeling the neck in order to take impressions. These can
all be performed during an office visit and with practically no bleeding.
For hard tissues, the CO2 laser can be used to vaporize small, superficial
caries and seal the dentin tubules for vitrification of the dentin.
The pulsed Nd:YAG laser was introduced in odontostomatology in the
1990s, essentially for treatment of gingival pockets. Inserting the
fiber between the gingiva performs the technique and the tooth that
results in sterilization of the part treated and stimulation of the
tissue, which, in turn, causes renewed adhesion between the gingiva
and the neck. Another application is emptying and sterilization of
the root canals by introducing the fiber which, when it radiates the
laser energy, vaporizes and disinfects the canal, eliminating the
risk of apical damage and guarantying a complete and sterile emptying
of the canal.
Various versions of the Erbium laser are currently used in odontostomatology,
because of its evident potential in the treatment of hard tissue (enamel,
dentin, cement and bone). The huge absorption by both water and hydroxyapatite
of the radiation at a wavelength of approximately 2.9 µm permits
tissue removal with minimal or no damage to the surrounding structures.
No measurable effect is seen beyond the intended target site.
Lasers are very specific in regard to the wavelength produced. The
procedures are performed without anesthesia in most cases, to the
great relief of patients.
Curing light-activated materials (Composites)
Sterilizations of instruments
Advantages of Laser Dentistry:
Cut and coagulate precisely, in one step
Eliminate collateral tissue damage
Minimize post-operative inflammation and discomfort
Clean, bloodless operating field
Radiant coagulation: seal blood vessels without cauterization
via conductive heat or carbonization
Controlled depth of laser penetration
Achieve immediate results
Hemostasis provides excellent visibility-even down in the pocket
Minimize the need to pack cord
Enhance patient recovery time
Increase patient turnover rates with more efficient laser procedures
Eliminate tissue recession
Reduce patient discomfort and the need for anesthetic
Complete FDA clearance list:
Class I, II, III, IV and V cavity preparation
Caries removal
Hard tissue surface roughening or etching
Enameloplasty, excavation of pits and fissures for placement
of sealants
For use on adult and pediatric patients
Tooth preparation to obtain access to root canal
Root canal preparation including enlargement
Root canal debridement and cleaning
Cutting, shaving, contouring and resection of oral osseous tissues
(bone)
Excisional and incisional biopsies
Exposure of unerupted teeth
Fibroma removal
Frenectomy and frenotomy
Gingival troughing for crown impressions
Gingivectomy
Gingivoplasty
Gingival incision and excision
Hemostasis
Implant recovery
Incision and drainage of abscesses
Leukoplakia
Operculectomy
Oral papillectomies
Pulpotomy
Pulp extirpation
Pulpotomy as an adjunct to root canal therapy
Root canal debridement and cleaning
Reduction of gingival hypertrophy
Soft tissue crown lengthening
Sulcular debridement (removal of diseased of inflamed soft tissue
Treatment of canker sores, herpetic and aphthous ulcers of the
oral Mucosa
Vestibuloplasty
Performed on Diagnodent:
1) Cross-Sections of a Molar
2) Cross-section 4 of the molar showing the large cavity which is
nearly into the nerve of the tooth but has a barely visible opening
from the groove.
3) Cross-section 13 of the molar shows tiny opening from the pit
of the tooth but a 12X larger cavity underneath the opening .
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Statutory Warning: The information is intended
to help you better understand dental conditions and procedures and should
not be construed as specific medical advice or recommendation. The general
information provided here is not a substitute for a consultation with the
dentists. Only personal discussion of your individual needs with a professionally
qualified doctor / dentist will determine the best method of treatment suitable
for you.