Dental
caries, also known colloquially as tooth decay,
means holes in our teeth. It is a disease of the teeth resulting in
damage to tooth structure. The cavities formed because of dental caries
are called dental cavities. A cavity may grow bigger
and deeper over time. It is a mostly preventable condition that affects
many people. Diet is an important factor in its cause and prevention.
Saliva is important in the prevention of dental caries. It 'washes'
the teeth free of food particles and also neutralizes the acid, a
process that takes about 20 minutes. Chewing helps to produce saliva,
and it also helps to develop the jaw muscles. This is important for
the development of straight teeth in children.
If you have developed black or brown spots of decay on your teeth
either in the fissures or on the smooth surfaces and it is associated
with discomfort and / or sensitivity
to hot and cold and / or frank pain, it is likely that you have tooth
decay. Your dentist will carefully examine your teeth and may take
X-rays, as some times cavities are not visible to the naked eye (as
shown below).
It is most prominent on the grooved chewing surfaces of molars, just
above the gum line on all teeth, and at the margins of fillings. Plaque
that is not removed from the teeth may mineralize into calculus (formerly
known as tartar). Plaque
and calculus irritate the gums, resulting in gingivitis. Periodontitis
occurs when there is loss of gingival attachment.
Cavities are caused by Plaque. Plaque is formed by a certain type
of bacteria in the mouth that attaches itself to hard surfaces, like
the enamel on your teeth. If they aren't removed, they grow and form
colonies. Sugar plays a harmful role in tooth decay. The bacteria
that form plaque draw its energy from sugar. The bacteria "eat"
the sugars in the mouth, releasing acidic byproducts that de-mineralize,
or soften the teeth. Over time, demineralization can cause a hole,
or cavity in the teeth.
If the decay is very deep and cause extreme pain and sensitivity can
sometimes require root canal treatment to and later put an amalgam
or a tooth coloured filling. Subsequently he will put a veneer or
a crown on the tooth as the case may be.
Oftentimes, cavities are treated with fillings. Fillings are placed
in the mouth by removing the decayed tooth structure, then filling
the space with some durable material such as amalgam (silver fillings)
or composite (tooth colored fillings).
If the cavity is caught in time, usually a Filling will correct
the problem. Larger cavities may require an Inlay or Onlay, or a
Crown. However, if nothing is done and the decay spreads, the sensitive
pulp (nerve) may become involved, often causing an Abscess, and
Root Canal Therapy or Extraction may be required.
Though cavities can be repaired, try to avoid them by taking care
of your teeth. Here's how:
Brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste after each time you
eat or at least twice a day. Bedtime is an important time to brush.
Brush up and down in a circular motion.
Gently brush your gums as well to keep them healthy.
Floss your teeth once a day to remove plaque and food that's
stuck between your teeth.
Limit sweets and sugary drinks, like soda.
See your dentist twice a year for regular checkups.
Expectant mothers must be particularly careful with their diet
and must make sure that it contains all the necessary nutrients
and vitamins since the foundation of a child's teething is laid
early in the second trimester (3 to 6 months).
Fluoride treatment is often recommended to protect against dental caries.
People who ingest fluoride in their drinking water or by fluoride
supplements have fewer dental caries.
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Statutory Warning: The information is intended
to help you better understand dental conditions and procedures and should
not be construed as specific medical advice or recommendation. The general
information provided here is not a substitute for a consultation with the
dentists. Only personal discussion of your individual needs with a professionally
qualified doctor / dentist will determine the best method of treatment suitable
for you.
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